================================================================================ hukum.live - STATUTORY LAWS & REGULATIONS LOOKUP ================================================================================ INQUIRY / PERTANYAAN: Pasal 27A UU ITE CATEGORY / BIDANG HUKUM: Corporate & Investment TARGET COMPARISON LANGUAGE: English DATE / TANGGAL: 06 November 2026, 17:46 WIB PERMANENT URL: https://hukum.live/laws/lookup/pasal-27a-uu-ite/ ================================================================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. ANALISIS HUKUM & PASAL TERKAIT (BAHASA INDONESIA) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### ANALISIS HUKUM & PASAL TERKAIT (BAHASA INDONESIA) #### 1. Dasar Hukum Positif Pasal 27A merupakan ketentuan baru yang diinsersikan ke dalam **Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE)** melalui pengesahan **Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008**. Ketentuan ini secara spesifik mereformulasi delik pencemaran nama baik dan penghinaan yang sebelumnya diatur secara umum dalam Pasal 27 ayat (3) UU ITE lama guna menyelaraskannya dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum pidana materiil dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). #### 2. Teks Statuter Pasal 27A UU ITE > **Pasal 27A:** > *"Setiap Orang dengan sengaja menyerang kehormatan atau nama baik orang lain dengan cara menuduhkan suatu hal, dengan maksud supaya hal tersebut diketahui umum dalam bentuk Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik yang dilakukan melalui Sistem Elektronik."* #### 3. Sanksi Pidana Terkait (Pasal 45 ayat (4) UU No. 1/2024) Sanksi atas pelanggaran Pasal 27A diatur dalam **Pasal 45 ayat (4) UU No. 1/2024**: > *"Setiap Orang yang dengan sengaja menyerang kehormatan atau nama baik orang lain dengan cara menuduhkan suatu hal, dengan maksud supaya hal tersebut diketahui umum dalam bentuk Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik yang dilakukan melalui Sistem Elektronik sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 27A dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 2 (dua) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak kategori III."* *(Catatan: Berdasarkan sistem pemidanaan denda, Kategori III setara dengan maksimal Rp200.000.000,00 hingga Rp400.000.000,00 merujuk pada ketentuan KUHP baru).* #### 4. Unsur-Unsur Tindak Pidana (Anatomi Delik) Agar suatu perbuatan dapat dijerat Pasal 27A UU ITE, seluruh unsur kumulatif berikut harus terpenuhi: 1. **Unsur Subjektif (*Mens Rea*):** * *"Dengan sengaja" (opzet)*: Pelaku menghendaki dan mengetahui perbuatannya untuk merendahkan martabat orang lain. * *"Dengan maksud supaya hal tersebut diketahui umum"*: Terdapat *oogmerk* atau intensi agar muatan tersebut terdistribusi atau dapat diakses oleh publik/khalayak ramai. 2. **Unsur Objektif (*Actus Reus*):** * *"Menyerang kehormatan atau nama baik"*: Mengakibatkan tercemarnya reputasi, rasa harga diri, atau martabat korban. * *"Dengan cara menuduhkan suatu hal"*: Harus memuat tuduhan atas suatu perbuatan, peristiwa, atau fakta konkret tertentu (bukan sekadar celaan umum/kata-kata makian tanpa tuduhan fakta tertentu). 3. **Unsur Sarana/Medium:** * Dilakukan dalam bentuk Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik melalui Sistem Elektronik (media sosial, aplikasi perpesanan publik, situs web, dll.). #### 5. Sifat Delik dan Pengecualian Pidana * **Delik Aduan Absolut (*Klachtdelict*):** Berdasarkan **Pasal 45 ayat (6) UU No. 1/2024**, tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 27A merupakan delik aduan. Perkara ini **hanya dapat dituntut atas pengaduan korban langsung** (atau orang tua/wali jika korban belum dewasa, atau ahli waris jika korban telah meninggal dunia). Pihak ketiga atau organisasi tidak memiliki *legal standing* untuk melapor. * **Alasan Pembenar / Pengecualian Pidana:** Mengacu pada Penjelasan Pasal 27A jo. Penjelasan Pasal 45 ayat (4) serta doktrin Pasal 310 ayat (3) KUHP, perbuatan **bukan merupakan tindak pidana** apabila dilakukan: 1. Demi kepentingan umum; atau 2. Karena terpaksa untuk membela diri. #### 6. Panduan Kepatuhan Praktis * **Pembedaan Kritik vs. Delik:** Kritik terhadap kinerja pejabat publik, kebijakan institusional, atau mutu layanan konsumen yang didasarkan pada fakta objektif bukan merupakan tindak pidana penghinaan, melainkan hak berekspresi yang dilindungi undang-undang. * **Ruang Privat vs. Publik:** Komunikasi tertutup antarpribadi (*one-on-one private chat*) tanpa niat disebarluaskan ke publik tidak memenuhi unsur "dengan maksud supaya hal tersebut diketahui umum". * **Mitigasi Korporasi:** Perusahaan wajib menyusun *Social Media Policy* bagi karyawan guna mencegah eksposur pertanggungjawaban pidana perseorangan maupun risiko reputasi institusi. --- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. PARALLEL STATUTORY ANALYSIS & TRANSLATION (ENGLISH) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### LEGAL ANALYSIS & STATUTORY PROVISIONS (ENGLISH) #### 1. Positive Legal Framework Article 27A is a newly inserted provision into **Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law)** pursuant to the enactment of **Law No. 1 of 2024 on the Second Amendment to Law No. 11 of 2008**. This provision specifically reformulates the offenses of defamation and insult previously governed under the former broad Article 27 paragraph (3) of the ITE Law, bringing it into statutory alignment with the material criminal law principles found in the Indonesian Criminal Code (*Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana* / KUHP). #### 2. Statutory Text of Article 27A ITE Law > **Article 27A:** > *"Any Person who intentionally attacks the honor or reputation of another person by accusing them of a certain matter, with the intent that such matter becomes publicly known, in the form of Electronic Information and/or Electronic Documents carried out through an Electronic System."* #### 3. Associated Penal Sanctions (Article 45 paragraph (4) of Law No. 1/2024) Penalties for violating Article 27A are stipulated under **Article 45 paragraph (4) of Law No. 1/2024**: > *"Any Person who intentionally attacks the honor or reputation of another person by accusing them of a certain matter, with the intent that such matter becomes publicly known in the form of Electronic Information and/or Electronic Documents carried out through an Electronic System as referred to in Article 27A shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a maximum period of 2 (two) years and/or a fine up to Category III."* *(Note: Based on the statutory penal fine categorization, Category III corresponds to a maximum fine of IDR 200,000,000 to IDR 400,000,000 pursuant to new KUHP standards).* #### 4. Constitutive Elements of the Offense (Anatomy of the Delict) For an act to be criminally actionable under Article 27A, the following cumulative elements must be satisfied: 1. **Subjective Elements (*Mens Rea*):** * *"Intentionally" (dolus / opzet)*: The perpetrator consciously desires and knows that their action degrades another person's dignity or standing. * *"With the intent that such matter becomes publicly known"*: There must exist an explicit *oogmerk* (intent) for the content to be disseminated to or accessible by the general public. 2. **Objective Elements (*Actus Reus*):** * *"Attacking the honor or reputation"*: Inflicting damage on the victim's social standing, self-esteem, or personal dignity. * *"By accusing them of a certain matter"*: The statement must involve an allegation of a specific, factual act or circumstance (mere generic insults, profanity, or vulgarities lacking factual assertions fall outside this scope). 3. **Instrumental Element / Medium:** * Transmitted in the form of Electronic Information and/or Electronic Documents via an Electronic System (e.g., social media platforms, public messaging groups, forums, websites). #### 5. Nature of the Offense and Statutory Defenses * **Absolute Complaint Offense (*Delik Aduan Absolut*):** Pursuant to **Article 45 paragraph (6) of Law No. 1/2024**, offenses governed under Article 27A constitute pure complaint offenses. Prosecution **can only proceed upon an official complaint lodged directly by the victim** (or their legal guardian if the victim is a minor, or designated heirs if deceased). Third-party entities or public organizations lack *locus standi* to report. * **Statutory Defenses / Justifications:** Cross-referencing the Elucidation of Article 27A in conjunction with the Elucidation of Article 45 paragraph (4) and the principles of Article 310 paragraph (3) of the KUHP, an act **shall not constitute a criminal offense** if committed: 1. For the public interest (*demi kepentingan umum*); or 2. Out of necessity for self-defense (*pembelaan terpaksa*). #### 6. Actionable Compliance & Risk Mitigation Guidance * **Critique vs. Defamatory Allegation:** Substantive critiques regarding public officials' performance, institutional policies, or consumer complaints grounded in factual evidence do not qualify as criminal defamation; they represent constitutionally protected speech. * **Private vs. Public Sphere:** Direct, closed peer-to-peer communications (*one-on-one private messages*) devoid of an intent to broadcast to third parties fail to meet the statutory threshold of "with the intent that such matter becomes publicly known." * **Corporate Governance:** Enterprises must enforce internal *Social Media Policies* for officers and employees to eliminate individual criminal exposure and mitigate corporate reputational liabilities under electronic transmission statutes. ================================================================================ Disclaimer: Generated by hukum.live for educational and statutory guidance purposes. ================================================================================